{"id":7601,"date":"2018-02-04T14:46:29","date_gmt":"2018-02-04T13:46:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/?p=7601"},"modified":"2018-05-16T13:57:46","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:57:46","slug":"johan-galtung-never-again-against-militarism-for-conflict-transformation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/2018\/johan-galtung-never-again-against-militarism-for-conflict-transformation\/","title":{"rendered":"Johan Galtung: Never Again! Against Militarism; for Conflict Transformation."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Some Biographical notes:<\/p>\n<p>In WWII, I was 13 when Nazis invaded &amp; occupied Norway. My father, vice mayor of Oslo, was on the right side of history: He helped the resistance against Nazis. They found out &amp; locked him up in a concentration camp in Grini. He survived. I swore: Never again! I have written about this extensively in my autobiography published in Norwegian and German: &#8220;Johan Lackland&#8221;<\/p>\n<div data-url=\"https:\/\/issuu.com\/galtung-institut\/docs\/galtung_autobiography_-_complete-1\/2\" style=\"width: 500px; height: 354px;\" class=\"issuuembed\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/e.issuu.com\/embed.js\" async=\"true\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>But &#8220;never again&#8221; what? Never again should children suffer like I suffered my father&#8217;s imprisonment. Never again should such massive violence &amp; brutalization reoccur. Not only to me and my family, but &#8220;never again&#8221; should such warfare and violence happen anywhere to anyone else.<\/p>\n<p>We are in 2018. A fresh year. A fresh start. I am now 87 years young (of course), turning 88 on UN day, Oct. 24th 2018. I have understood and taught quite a lot about the causes and dynamics of the social patterns of interaction that reflect &#8220;never again&#8221; as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tup\/index.php?book=51\"><b>Peace Studies 101<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Processes of interaction &amp; History seem to be accelerating, as underlying contradictions in <b>geopolitics<\/b> are metastasizing quickly. Today, stupendously, the very &#8220;never again&#8221; stance which led me to found the 1st\u00a0 <b>Peace Research<\/b> centre at a university continues to be usurped.<\/p>\n<p>Alas, the observation is this: WWII was won, yes yes&#8230; by the allies and atlanticists etc&#8230; we know all of that&#8230; that is not the point. The point, from my &#8220;never again&#8221; stance, is that it was won by MILITARISM. At what cost?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/militaryGaltung.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"js-tweet-text-container\">\n<p class=\"TweetTextSize js-tweet-text tweet-text\" lang=\"en\" data-aria-label-part=\"0\">Bombing from the air with jets and semi-autonomous drones killing disproportionately more civilians than combatants &#8211; including children like I was in &#8217;43 &#8211; for causes mainly cultural, political, material, economic &amp; geological. In short: using violent MEANS to create peaceful ENDS.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\" data-aria-label-part=\"0\">\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"stream-item-footer\">\n<div class=\"ProfileTweet-action ProfileTweet-action--reply\">A patent absurdity which has been normalized with the victory of MILITARISM in and since 1945. For 2018, my key message is this: We have evolved past this atavism! The branch of <b>Peace Studies<\/b> I &amp; others represent, proposes techniques, tools &amp; methods for <b>peace by PEACEFUL means<\/b>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Militarism in 2018, as a standard operating procedure for <b>geopolitics<\/b> is not only atavistic like bloodletting as a medical practice; it is the cause of Trauma which in turn causes grievances in turn fuelling revenge in turn fuelling violence then again t<b>rauma<\/b> in vicious cycles.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;Never Again&#8221; frees us from kneejerk VIOLENCE &amp; MILITARISM as responses to socio-political ills. We in <b>Peace Studies<\/b> have already moved to more sophisticated, dialogical, empathic &amp; nonviolent approaches like <a class=\"twitter-hashtag pretty-link js-nav\" dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/ConflictTransformation?src=hash\" data-query-source=\"hashtag_click\"><s>#<\/s><b>ConflictTransformation<\/b><\/a>. May 2018 usher in this paradigm shift!<\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ctGaltung.jpg\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>FYI: You may enjoy this older conversation with the very competent Riz Khan touching on some of the above and many other subjects of relevance to my Peace Research:<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eJf0m-Nz35E<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some Biographical notes: In WWII, I was 13 when Nazis invaded &amp; occupied Norway. My father, vice mayor of Oslo, was on the right side of history: He helped the resistance against Nazis. They found out &amp; locked him up in a concentration camp in Grini. He survived. I swore: Never again! I have written [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1726,"featured_media":7605,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"coauthors":[890],"class_list":["post-7601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-foodforthought"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1726"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7601"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7629,"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7601\/revisions\/7629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7601"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.galtung-institut.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=7601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}